The pages of this site are the case for reading the essays. Each topic’s complete, documented treatment — every argument at full length, every source cited — lives in a downloadable essay, and this page gathers all of them: forty-two essays across the three sections, in the site’s reading order. Each title links to its topic page; each essay downloads as Word or PDF.
Watchtower vs Catholic Church
Jehovah or Yahweh?
Where did the name Jehovah come from? Did Jesus and the apostles use it? The divine name examined by a former Witness elder.
Jehovah or Yahweh — (.docx) or (.pdf)
Was There a Great Apostasy?
Did Christianity go apostate after the apostles died, as Jehovah’s Witnesses teach? What the earliest Christians actually wrote.
Was There a Great Apostasy — (.docx) or (.pdf)
By What Authority?
Who is the faithful and discreet slave? The Governing Body’s claim to authority compared with apostolic succession — by a former Witness elder.
A Man-Made Religion — (.docx) or (.pdf)
By What Authority — (.docx) or (.pdf)
Blood and the Sanctity of Life
Does “abstain from blood” forbid transfusions? What Genesis, Leviticus and Acts 15 actually forbid — examined by a former Witness elder of 35 years.
Blood and the Sanctity of Life — (.docx) or (.pdf)
Cross or Torture Stake?
Did Jesus die on a cross or a stake, as the Watchtower teaches? The Greek words, the archaeology, and the earliest Christian evidence.
Cross or Torture Stake — (.docx) or (.pdf)
What Is Hell?
Do the dead know nothing? Is hell just the grave? What Sheol, Hades and Gehenna really mean — examined by a former Witness elder of 35 years.
What Is Hell — (.docx) or (.pdf)
What Is the Kingdom Good News?
Is God’s Kingdom a government established in 1914, as Jehovah’s Witnesses teach? What Jesus said the kingdom is — and when it began.
The Watchtower Kingdom of 1914 — (.docx) or (.pdf)
What Is the Good News of the Kingdom — (.docx) or (.pdf)
Are We In the Last Days?
1914, 1925, 1975: the Watchtower’s dates for the end, what happened to each, and what Jesus actually said about knowing the day and hour.
Last Days or Last Daze — (.docx) or (.pdf)
Memorial or Eucharist?
Why do so few of Jehovah’s Witnesses partake at the Memorial? What “do this in remembrance of me” meant — and how often the first Christians kept it.
Do This in Memory of Me — (.docx) or (.pdf)
The New World Translation
Is the New World Translation reliable? John 1:1, Colossians 1:16, and the places where the NWT differs from every other Bible — examined verse by verse.
Is the New World Translation Accurate — (.docx) or (.pdf)
Who Are the Other Sheep?
Are only 144,000 going to heaven? The Watchtower’s two-class system and what Jesus meant by “other sheep” — examined by a former Witness elder.
One Flock One Hope — (.docx) or (.pdf)
Are Christmas and Easter Pagan?
Is Christmas a pagan sun festival? Is Easter named for a goddess? Where the holidays really came from — and what the New Testament says about keeping days.
Pagan Origins — (.docx) or (.pdf)
Raised Bodily or as a Spirit?
Was Jesus raised as a spirit creature, as the Watchtower teaches, or in His own risen body? The empty tomb, the wounds, and Luke 24 examined.
Raised a Spirit or Raised Bodily — (.docx) or (.pdf)
How Should Sin Be Handled?
How Jehovah’s Witnesses handle serious sin — judicial committees, removal, shunning — compared with Confession in the Catholic Church, by a former Witness elder.
What Happens When a Christian Sins — (.docx) or (.pdf)
What Is the Soul?
Do we cease to exist at death, as Jehovah’s Witnesses teach? What Scripture says about the soul, soul sleep, and life between death and resurrection.
What Is the Soul — (.docx) or (.pdf)
Is God a Trinity?
Is the Trinity pagan? Does “the Father is greater than I” disprove it? The Scriptures on both sides, examined by a former Witness elder of 35 years.
The Trinity A Guide for the Perplexed — (.docx) or (.pdf)
Other Christian Traditions vs Catholic Church
The Blessed Virgin
Do Catholics worship Mary? The Queen of Heaven charge, the “brothers of Jesus,” and what the Church actually teaches — examined from Scripture.
The Marian Dogmas — (.docx) or (.pdf)
Apostolic Succession
Did the apostles appoint successors? Peter, the keys, and the unbroken line of bishops — what Scripture and the earliest records show.
Apostolic Succession — (.docx) or (.pdf)
One Church, or Many?
Did Jesus found a visible Church? With tens of thousands of denominations, how would you recognize the one He started? The marks examined.
One Church or Many — (.docx) or (.pdf)
Is the Eucharist Really the Body of Christ?
Did Jesus mean “this is my body” literally? John 6, Paul’s warning at Corinth, and what the earliest Christians believed.
Literal Body and Blood — (.docx) or (.pdf)
What About the Filioque?
The one word that divided East and West: what the Filioque means, why the Orthodox object, and whether it must divide the Church.
And the Son — (.docx) or (.pdf)
Orthodoxy and the Great Schism
If the apostolic Church never disappeared, why be Catholic rather than Orthodox? The causes of the Great Schism, and the case for Rome.
Orthodoxy and the Great Schism — (.docx) or (.pdf)
Why Jesus’ Passion?
Why did Jesus have to die? Ransom, satisfaction, and penal substitution compared — what the Cross accomplished, examined from Scripture.
Why the Cross — (.docx) or (.pdf)
Is Purgatory Scriptural?
Is purgatory in the Bible? 1 Corinthians 3, 2 Maccabees 12, and the early Christian practice of praying for the dead — examined.
Final Purification — (.docx) or (.pdf)
Symbols, or Sacraments?
Are baptism and communion mere symbols? What the New Testament says the sacraments actually do — “baptism now saves you” examined.
Symbols or Sacraments — (.docx) or (.pdf)
The Communion of Saints
Is asking the saints to pray idolatry, or necromancy? What the communion of saints means and what Scripture shows the departed doing.
The Communion of Saints — (.docx) or (.pdf)
Is Sola Fide True?
Are we saved by faith alone? Paul and James, works of the law, and what justification means — the Reformation’s central claim examined.
Imputed or Infused Righteousness — (.docx) or (.pdf)
Is Sola Scriptura Scriptural?
Is the Bible alone the rule of faith? Where Scripture points to the Church, and how the canon itself was settled — examined from the sources.
Is Sola Scriptura Scriptural — (.docx) or (.pdf)
Atheism vs Christianity
Arguments Pro and Con
The classical arguments for God and the strongest atheist objections, stated fairly and weighed — for readers who want both sides.
Arguments Against God — (.docx) or (.pdf)
Arguments For God — (.docx) or (.pdf)
What Is the Bible?
Where did the Bible come from, who chose its books, and can it be trusted? The origins of Scripture examined honestly.
What Is the Bible — (.docx) or (.pdf)
Why Christianity?
Among all religions, why this one? The resurrection as a historical question — argued from facts critical scholars concede.
Arguments For Christianity — (.docx) or (.pdf)
Does History Condemn the Church?
Crusades, Inquisition, Galileo: does the Church’s record disprove her claims? The history examined without excuses.
Does History Condemn the Church — (.docx) or (.pdf)
What Do We Mean by “God”?
Before asking whether God exists: what the word means. The God of classical theism versus the gods atheism rightly rejects.
What Do We Mean by God — (.docx) or (.pdf)
What Do We Mean by “Faith”?
Is faith believing without evidence? What Christians have actually meant by faith, and why the caricature fails.
Faith A Guide for the Perplexed — (.docx) or (.pdf)
Rational to Believe in Miracles?
Hume said no testimony could establish a miracle. Why his famous rule fails, and what would actually count as evidence.
Can We Rationally Believe in Miracles — (.docx) or (.pdf)
Can We Be Good Without God?
Atheists can be good — but can goodness be binding without God? The moral argument stated fairly and examined.
Can There Be Good Without God — (.docx) or (.pdf)
Did Jesus Rise from the Dead?
The resurrection as history: the early creed, the empty tomb, the appearances, and every natural explanation weighed.
Did Jesus Rise from the Dead — (.docx) or (.pdf)
Are Science and Faith Enemies?
Does science disprove God? Galileo, evolution, and the priest who proposed the Big Bang — the real record of science and faith.
Has Science Replaced God — (.docx) or (.pdf)
Could God Permit Evil?
If God is good, why is there suffering? The problem of evil faced honestly — the strongest atheist argument and the Christian answer.
Would a Good God Permit Evil and Suffering — (.docx) or (.pdf)